As we shall demonstrate in the first part of this chapter, there are many questions yet to be answered before private enforcement takes off in Brazil. Basic questions such as who, when, how and what may need to be clarified before plaintiffs feel comfortable initiating an extremely long and expensive recovery of damages. The second part of this chapter will report on the current status of the major private cases initiated in the past years. Finally, suggestions will be provided to address the lack of incentives to seek private antitrust enforcement in Brazil.